English: Cloze Test for Upcoming Exams – Set 166

Directions (Q.1-10) In the passage given below there are 10 blanks, each followed by a word given in bold. Even blank has four alternative words given in options (A),(B),(C) and (D). You have to tell which word will not suit the respective blank. Mark (E) as your answer if all words are suitable.

The pro-Nazi, but important legal and political theorist, Carl Schmitt, made the friend-enemy distinction as ________(1) of politics itself. To be political was necessarily to work with a distinction between an extreme version of us and them, friends and enemies. Not only was this distinction the decisive criterion of the political but even within this relationship, enmity had priority over friendship: Those not on our side, or disloyal to us, are automatically, irredeemably, enemies. In doing so, Schmitt reduced all politics to war. At least war is an ever-present possibility in politics, he claimed, and therefore a political person must conduct himself as if surrounded by enemies. Schmitt was _______(2) a distinction perfected by some strands within Abrahamic religions that invented the idea of an ‘extra-systemic other’, a radical other with whom no conversation is possible, one who is outside one’s semantic universe. Those who do not _________(3) to the doctrine defining the system are enemies to be fought. Internal dissent too is _________(4) , akin to betrayal, of joining the camp of the enemy, signifying treachery. Felt as existential threats, both outsiders and deviant insiders must be ‘converted’, brought in line or altogether ________(5).

Obviously, a mentality _________(6) with the friend-enemy syndrome is fundamentally undemocratic. Knowing the difference between an enemy and an adversary is absolutely _________(7) in a functioning democracy. An adversary is someone one wishes to defeat in a temporary contest such as a legal combat or a game of cricket. To wish to __________(8) an opponent in an election is entirely legitimate. On the other hand, an enemy is someone to be destroyed permanently. Adversaries can be won over, turned into allies, but enemies cannot. A compromise with an adversary is acceptable, even praiseworthy. On the other hand, with an enemy, a compromise spells defeat, an unacceptable concession, a betrayal. There are no permanent losers or victors; each competitor wins some and loses some in a fair contest. But all rules of fairness can be __________(9) in a fight with an enemy. In this __________(10) scenario, all politics is nothing but war.

  1. constitutive
    instinctive
    intrinsic
    immanent
    All are correct
    Option B
    Instinctive – coming from instinct,natural behaviour or impulse

     

  2. utilising
    leveraging
    exploiting
    maneuvering
    All are correct
    Option D
    Maneuvering – a movement often performed with difficulty

     

  3. heed
    adhere
    compel
    stick
    All are correct
    Option C
    Compel – force or oblige (someone) to do something.

     

  4. abhorrent
    loathsome
    abominable
    horrid
    All are correct
    Option E

     

  5. pillaged
    expunged
    annihilated
    obliterated
    All are correct
    Option A
    Pillaged – steal (something) using violence, especially in wartime.

     

  6. laced
    implicated
    entangled
    twined
    All are correct
    Option B
    Implicated – show (someone) to be involved in a crime.

     

  7. critical
    vital
    exigent
    pivotal
    All are correct
    Option C
    Exigent – pressing; demanding.

     

  8. trounce
    lambaste
    drub
    rout
    All are correct
    Option B
    Lambaste – criticize (someone or something) harshly.

     

  9. neglected
    discarded
    squandered
    abandoned
    All are correct
    Option C
    Squandered – allow (an opportunity) to pass or be lost.

     

  10. belligerent
    hostile
    inimical
    repugnant
    All are correct
    Option D
    Repugnant – extremely distasteful; unacceptable.

     

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