New Pattern English on Odd Sentence

Direction: The following questions contain five sentences as options. Find one sentence which does not relate to the central theme of the passage made by remaining four sentences.

1. A) Although Sony’s operating income forecast for the year through March 2018 was slightly below analysts’ estimates, there’s a sense that the company may be low-balling the numbers so it can give investors an upward revision later in the year.
   B) In reality, it’s Sony’s games division that will anchor sales growth in the coming year, and continue the bottom-line gains delivered in the 2016 financial year.
   C) The standout among the various divisions was a massive turnaround at Sony’s chip business. But most of that can be attributed to one-time gains from asset sales and the absence of earthquake-related losses that weighed on performance a year ago.
   D) Between them, games and music account for half of Sony’s value, according to a sum of the parts valuation
   E) If the hype and success of either platform brings gamers back to consoles, then these habits can be rebuilt, leading to further title sales.
   
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   Option E
   Explanation: The correct sequence is: ACBD.
   The passage talks about the sales of Sony and estimates related to the sales. Option E) is not related to this theme.
2. A) The enhanced tinkering with deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)—the building blocks of life—can be used to achieve end goals as diverse as enhancing crop quality and disease resistance, treating genetic diseases, and even addressing the associated risk of antibiotic resistance through a Crispr pill that substitutes antibiotics.
   B) Scientists all over the world are now able to carry out gene editing at costs much lower than ever before, and much more accurately.
   C) The relatively minimal development of silencing reagents ensure significant, specific, consistent and lasting knockdown of the target gene.
   D) While RNAi is a gene silencing technology that inhibits protein synthesis in target cells using double-stranded RNA, antisense technology achieves the same result through single-stranded RNA.
   E) But the media attention hogged by this technology should not blind us to new advances in ribonucleic acid (RNA) research. This polymeric molecule—essential for regulation and expression of genes—has already been the subject of research, in areas such as RNA interference (RNAi) and antisense technology.
   
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   Option C
   Explanation: The correct sequence is: BAED
   The passage is an introduction to DNA and RNA. Option C) is not related to this theme.
3. A) NITI Aayog is preparing a 15-year vision and a seven-year strategy document, and has circulated a three-year action agenda. The goal of transforming India and attaining the desired level of economic and social outcomes will require higher and sustainable growth in coming years.
   B) It is now well accepted that high levels of non-performing assets—particularly in public sector banks—are a drag on investments and growth.
   C) The vice-chairman of NITI Aayog, Arvind Panagariya, in his presentation on Sunday, showed that the size of the Indian economy will increase from a level of Rs137 trillion in 2015-16 to Rs469 trillion by 2031-32 (2015-16 prices)—a compound annual growth of about 8%.
   D) Higher economic growth will not only create employment, but will also generate higher revenue which will help increase government spending without disturbing the budgetary balance.
   E) Higher growth is the best way of lifting standards of living, as has been demonstrated by China in recent decades. Attaining and sustaining this level of growth is feasible, but will need policy action on various fronts—as has also been highlighted in NITI Aayog’s action agenda.
   
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   Option B
   Explanation: The correct sequence is: ADCE
   The passage is about higher growth rate and the action plan of NITI Aayog. Option B) doesnot fits in this theme.
4. A) The paper is not going to be offered to BA English Honours students. Therefore, this will be a Commerce or Science or History student’s introduction to popular fiction in English literature.
   B) Bhagat’s book will be sharing space with Louisa May Alcott’s Little Women, Agatha Christie’s Murder on the Orient Express, and JK Rowling’s Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone.
   C) Delhi University has announced that Chetan Bhagat’s book, Five Point Someone will be part of the popular fiction syllabus of the general elective course offered to second-year undergraduate students studying either Honours or programme courses under the Choice-Based Credit System (CBCS).
   D) Writing does not necessarily mean writing heavyweight non-fiction books or highly dramatised fiction. It also includes writing generic but important content properly such as that for blog posts.
   E) To be fair, apart from Little Women, none of the other books can be considered high literature.
   
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   Option D
   Explanation: The correct sequence is: CABE
   The passage discusses the introduction of a novel written by Chetan Bhagat in the curriculum of Delhi University.
5. A) The Supreme Court collegium has recently cleared a record 51 names for high court judge posts. Of these, 20 are judicial officers and 31 are advocates.
   B) In the rush to fill judicial vacancies, there should be no compromise in the quality of judicial decisions and ensure judges are capable of dealing with increasingly complex issues interlinking law, economics, technology, intellectual property, competition and allied fields.
   C) Historically, the Indian judiciary has dealt with socially significant issues such as health, education, reservations in education and employment, priority sector lending, bank nationalization, bank branch licensing in remote locations, etc.
   D) An inability or unwillingness to take into account economic considerations in judicial decisions is putting a significant number of jobs at risk, and a substantial amount of investment in peril.
   E) Other than this, not much information is available in the public domain about the expertise of the selected individuals.
   
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   Option C
   Explanation: The correct sequence is: AEBD
   The passage discusses about the appointment of judges to court and what impact it can have if these position are filled in rush and without proper consideration.
6. A) But the G20 should assess whether cybersecurity is a business objective or a means towards the larger goal of promoting digital access and financial inclusion.
   B) No country is more affected by the weaknesses in digital payments systems, global and domestic, than India, which is tackling the twin challenge of Internet adoption and expansive digitalization.
   C) A prominent concern outlined by this group related to the threat to global financial systems because of greater interconnectivity and the creation of novel, untested architectures to manage payment processes.
   D) In the run- up to the ministerial meeting, a T20 task force comprising think tanks and academia, was constituted to offer recommendations that would strengthen digital economies and manage the “digitalization” of traditional sectors.
   E) Last month, Germany convened the first-ever G20 “digital ministers” meeting, indicating how the future of connected societies and economies is now firmly at the top of the global agenda.
   
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   Option A
   Explanation: The correct sequence is: EDCB
   The passage talks about the weakness in digitization and digital economies and how to strengthen them that was discussed at the G-20 meet. Option A) doesnot match with any other sentence as cybersecurity that is being talked about in A) has not been mentioned anywhere else.
7. A) IPRs are critical to incentivizing innovation, which, in turn, is key to sustaining economic growth and increasing living standards.
   B) The good news is that intellectual property rights (IPRs) have greater public visibility these days. The bad news is that a lot of it is misguided scepticism.
   C) Scholars around the world have found this statement to hold true based on rigorous empirical testing across a cross-section of countries and time periods.
   D) In India, there is still a dearth of evidence-based research that can inform our laws, practice and policy-making pertaining to IPRs.
   E) Just because a handful of sectors in India have tasted (limited) success and partially fuelled the Indian engine of growth in the recent past does not mean that policymakers can afford to be complacent.
   
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   Option E
   Explanation: The correct sequence is: BACD
   The passage talks about IPR.
8. A) The three conditions that the donor agency proposed (according to a communique by the trustees of the recipient organization) was: (a)The trust to be renamed to include the name of the donor; (b) A permanent place for the donor on the board of trustees; and (c) The land or building named after the donor.
   B) However, donations in the past were a mutual contract between the donor corporation and a recipient not-for-profit and were not mandated by law.
   C) Instead of getting into the specifics in this particular instance, we should examine the larger issues of governance from the perspective of the donor in the context of the CSR law.
   D) There has been a debate in Bengaluru recently relating to a donation made by construction firm Puravankara to the Suchitra Cinema and Cultural Academy Trust.
   E) While the details of the organizational structure of the recipient are intricate, the debate has revolved around three contentious issues about the conditionality imposed on a corporate social responsibility (CSR) grant by the company.
   
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   Option B
   Explanation: The correct sequence is: DEAC
   The passage discusses about the issues in CSR law. Option B) is not related to any other sentence
9. A) The winner—the strategy most likely to produce a cooperative outcome—was Anatol Rapoport’s tit-for-tat (TFT) strategy.
   B) As with any human interaction, international relations, whether economic or political, is a combination of cooperation and competition.
   C) Facing the temptation of duplicity, they may become concerned, or even suspicious, that their partners—facing the same temptation—are betraying them. As a result, they become even more tempted to betray their partners first.
   D) The “cooperation” part benefits all involved, whether by sustaining world peace or boosting growth and prosperity through free trade. The “competition” part creates serious risks, from economic impediments to war and environmental destruction.
   E) So why don’t countries cooperate more?The answer comes down, in part, to the so-called prisoner’s dilemma. Countries may suspect that by betraying their partners, they can obtain a better “deal” for themselves.
   
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   Option A
   Explanation: The correct sequence is: BDEC
10. A) The services sector in India shows some similarities with the services sector in the US, with both exhibiting agglomeration economies. However, there are also some differences.
    B) In the US, agglomeration economies in services dominate in medium-density locations. Three of the main high-tech counties in the US are in Santa Clara, California (Silicon Valley); Middlesex, Massachusetts (Route 128); and Durham, North Carolina (Research Triangle).
    C) The evidence of agglomeration in the services sector in the US is in cities with densities of employment below 150 employees per sq. km, while in India, agglomeration is found in cities with densities above this threshold
    D) Although India has experienced rapid growth over the last two decades, spatial disparities have increased.
    E) In contrast, in India, agglomeration economies are more dominant in high-density locations, such as Hyderabad and Chennai.
    
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    Option D
    Explanation: The correct sequence is: ABEC
    The passage talks about the differences in the service sector of India and the US.

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