English: Cloze Test for upcoming exams – Set 86

Directions: In the passage given below there are 6 blanks, each followed by a word given in bold. Every blank has four alternative words given in options (A),(B),(C) and (D). You have to tell which word will best suit the respective blank. Mark (E) as your answer if the answer is not present in the given options,  i.e “None of these”.

Moral hazard is a problem that _(1)___ often in economics. People behave differently if they do not face the full costs or risks of their actions: deposit insurance makes customers less careful about ___(2)_ their bank, for example. Moral hazard can also be second-hand. Take medicine. A patient with private insurance may be happy to sit through extra tests, and a doctor may be happy to order them. Doctors (3)____ reluctant to order tests if they know that the patient would bear the full cost.

A newly published paper sets out to test this secondary problem by (4)____ a common-enough situation—taking a taxi ride in a strange city. The authors, a trio of academics at the University of Innsbruck, sent researchers on 400 taxi rides, covering 11 different routes, in Athens, Greece. In all cases, the researchers (5)____they were not familiar with the city. But in half the cases, the researchers indicated that their employers would be reimbursing them for the journey. The researchers in the (6)____ group were 17% more likely to be overcharged for their trip and paid a fare that was, on average, 7% higher.

1. A) speed up
   B) puts up
   C) bumps up
   D) crops up
   E) None of these
   
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      Option D
   Explanation: crop up = appear, occur, or come to one’s notice unexpectedly; bump up= to raise; put up = To erect; build.  To preserve;
   
2. A) deciding
   B) picking
   C) adopting
   D) extracting
   E) None of these
   
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      Option B
   Explanation: picking = choose (someone or something) from a number of alternatives; deciding = serving to resolve or settle something
   
3. A) might be more
   B) may be more
   C) can be more
   D) could be more
   E) None of these
   
   View Answer

      Option A 
4. A) trying
   B) considering
   C) examining
   D) inquiring
   E) None of these
   
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      Option B
   Explanation: considering = bearing in mind; trying = attempting; inquiring = questioning; examining = inspect (someone or something) thoroughly in order to determine their nature or condition.
   
5. A) indicated
   B) demonstrated
   C) declared
   D) exhibited
   E)  None of these
   
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      Option A
   Explanation: indicated = point out; show.; demonstrate = clearly show the existence or truth of (something) by giving proof or evidence; exhibited = publicly display (a work of art or item of interest) in an art gallery or museum or at a trade fair.
   
6. A) past
   B) ultimate
   C) modern
   D) latter
   E) None of these
   
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      Option D
   Explanation: latter = occurring or situated nearer to the end of something than to the beginning;
   

Directions: In the passage given below there are 6 blanks, each followed by a word given in bold. Every blank has four alternative words given in options (A),(B),(C) and (D). You have to tell which word will best suit the respective blank. Mark (E) as your answer if the answer is not present in the given options,  i.e “None of these”.

India’s per capita income (1)____ well above $1,000 (in 1990 dollar terms) since 2013, formally qualifying it as a middle income country and, according to WTO rules, making it (2)____ to provide direct export subsidies. This was expected. What was not is the Centre’s inaction so far. It should have known this was coming — with India’s record of consistent growth — even when it unveiled its Foreign Trade Policy (2015-20). Instead, the Centre announced the Merchandise Export from India Scheme as late as August last year, providing a flat export benefit across 5,000 tariff lines at a cost of over ₹22,000 crore. The interest equalization scheme, a (3)______ version of the interest subvention scheme, was announced in November 2015. Meanwhile, explicit export subsidy schemes such as duty drawback (reimbursement of import duty on inputs) continue. Under WTO, production-based subsidies such as technological (4)_____, capacity building and infrastructure development are permissible. Even for countries below the $1,000 per capita threshold, product-specific subsidies may be questioned if the export of the product (5)____ accounts for over 3.25 per cent of the global exports for over two consecutive years. In that case, the country concerned will have to phase out subsidies over eight years. India’s textiles sector came under the scanner for this reason some years ago. It can be reasonably expected that India will be dragged to the WTO for its subsidies regime. There are no indications that it is well prepared for the (6)____.

1. A) had been holding
   B) has been holding
   C) was being held
   D) is being held
   E) None of these
   
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      Option B
2. A) unworthy
   B) unapt
   C) ineligible
   D) undesirable
   E) None of these
   
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      Option C 
3. A) soured up
   B) sour on
   C) souped on
   D) souped up
   E) None of these
   
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      Option D
   Explanation: souped up = made more powerful;
   
4. A) relegation
   B) elevation
   C) renovation
   D) upgradation
   E) None of these
   
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      Option D
   Explanation: upgradation = the act or process of improving the quality of something
   
5. A) attentive
   B) concerned
   C) peaceful
   D) attrocious
   E)  None of these
   
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      Option B
   
6. A) eventually
   B) ultimately
   C) likely
   D) conviniently
   E) None of these
   
   View Answer

      Option A