English Sectional Test 1 for SBI PO 2017 Prelim Exam

Read the following passage and answer the questions that follows.

The world over, poor logistics often means poor trade. In other words, how efficiently countries trade defines how they grow and compete in the global economy. For India, good logistics will also play a critical role in the success of the “Make in India” initiative, enable small-scale producers to access newer markets, and allow farmers to benefit from the timely uptake of perishable produce. India has already taken a major step forward in this direction. When it is rolled out, the goods and services tax (GST) will help integrate this vast and diverse country, transform it into one common market, eliminate inefficient taxation, and go a long way in boosting the manufacturing sector.

But much more can be done. Logistics is a series of services and activities that constitute supply chains—such as transportation, warehousing, brokerages and so on. Although these activities are essentially carried out by private firms, their efficiency depends upon public infrastructure. This includes both “hard” or physical infrastructure as well as “soft” or institutional infrastructure such as systems, procedures and regulations. Trucks, for instance, use publicly funded roads and highways, while international trade is subject to the procedures followed by border agencies. Logistic activities are also regulated from the fiscal, environmental, safety, land use and competition perspectives. In large economies such as India, responsibilities for both hard and soft infrastructure are shared by a number of central and state agencies. Some estimates suggest that logistics costs in India amounted to a sizeable 14% of gross domestic product (GDP) in 2014. It is also suggested that inefficient logistics chip off a whopping $45 billion from India’s economic output, or about 2% of the country’s GDP.

The World Bank’s 2016 Logistics Performance Index (LPI), which ranks 160 countries every two years, found that India moved up to 35th place internationally, compared to 54 in 2014. In other words, within two years, India had improved its logistics performance significantly. Globally, Germany stood first for the third time running, while China stood at 27, South Africa at 20, and Russia at 99. The World Bank’s LPI found that when compared to other countries, including other nations of the Brazil-Russia-India-South Africa grouping, the Indian operators surveyed were especially positive regarding improvements in areas such as the supporting infrastructure for trade (e.g. ports) and the processing of goods by customs. These findings should give a shot in the arm to the government’s efforts to boost the business environment. The good news is only partial, however. For it is not only important to connect India internationally, but also to improve connections between India’s states. A number of studies have focused on this well-known challenge. One recent study measured the impact of internal borders on the country’s economy. It found that delays at inter-state borders were comparable with those at international checkpoints in other parts of the world. Poor inter-state supply chains not only erode the competitiveness of the country as a whole, but also prevent the benefits of better international connectivity from spreading across the country.

As evidenced in the World Bank’s latest index, India has made rapid strides in improving its logistics infrastructure. As for hard infrastructure, seven new multimodal freight corridors are on the anvil, and work on some is well under way. These include the Western and Eastern Dedicated Freight Corridors where high-speed trains will run along electrified freight-only tracks from the hinterland to ports on the western and eastern coasts. In the Ganga basin, the eastern rail freight corridor will link up with the highways, in addition to the proposed Ganga waterway, enabling goods to switch seamlessly from rail to road to barge to ship in an unbroken continuum. Along the way, 15 logistic parks will serve as transport and service hubs.

On the equally imperative softer aspects of logistics, the GST is most certainly a major step forward. However, to reap the full benefits of GST on inter-state trade, more will be needed. Today, a truck on an Indian highway reportedly covers an average of 250- 300km per day, compared to 450km in Brazil, and 800km in the US. Studies have found that for up to 60% of journey time, the truck is not moving at all—a large part of that time is spent at checkpoints getting tax and customs clearances. These difficulties can have a substantial impact on freight routes. A start could therefore be made by removing unnecessary delays at inter-state checkposts. Many national, state and international organizations dealing with a range of issues, including shipping, commerce, finance, and transportation, have recommended a series of measures to improve the situation. The World Bank’s LPI report too provides a number of examples from countries that have implemented logistics reforms successfully. Some of these examples may be relevant for India. For instance, it will be important to monitor the performance of domestic supply chains to inform policymaking, and conduct a public-private dialogue on the issue. Such efforts will help determine the best way forward and contribute to the country’s emergence as a rising global manufacturing power.

Question : What is the tone of the passage?

Read the following passage and answer the questions that follows.

The world over, poor logistics often means poor trade. In other words, how efficiently countries trade defines how they grow and compete in the global economy. For India, good logistics will also play a critical role in the success of the “Make in India” initiative, enable small-scale producers to access newer markets, and allow farmers to benefit from the timely uptake of perishable produce. India has already taken a major step forward in this direction. When it is rolled out, the goods and services tax (GST) will help integrate this vast and diverse country, transform it into one common market, eliminate inefficient taxation, and go a long way in boosting the manufacturing sector.

But much more can be done. Logistics is a series of services and activities that constitute supply chains—such as transportation, warehousing, brokerages and so on. Although these activities are essentially carried out by private firms, their efficiency depends upon public infrastructure. This includes both “hard” or physical infrastructure as well as “soft” or institutional infrastructure such as systems, procedures and regulations. Trucks, for instance, use publicly funded roads and highways, while international trade is subject to the procedures followed by border agencies. Logistic activities are also regulated from the fiscal, environmental, safety, land use and competition perspectives. In large economies such as India, responsibilities for both hard and soft infrastructure are shared by a number of central and state agencies. Some estimates suggest that logistics costs in India amounted to a sizeable 14% of gross domestic product (GDP) in 2014. It is also suggested that inefficient logistics chip off a whopping $45 billion from India’s economic output, or about 2% of the country’s GDP.

The World Bank’s 2016 Logistics Performance Index (LPI), which ranks 160 countries every two years, found that India moved up to 35th place internationally, compared to 54 in 2014. In other words, within two years, India had improved its logistics performance significantly. Globally, Germany stood first for the third time running, while China stood at 27, South Africa at 20, and Russia at 99. The World Bank’s LPI found that when compared to other countries, including other nations of the Brazil-Russia-India-South Africa grouping, the Indian operators surveyed were especially positive regarding improvements in areas such as the supporting infrastructure for trade (e.g. ports) and the processing of goods by customs. These findings should give a shot in the arm to the government’s efforts to boost the business environment. The good news is only partial, however. For it is not only important to connect India internationally, but also to improve connections between India’s states. A number of studies have focused on this well-known challenge. One recent study measured the impact of internal borders on the country’s economy. It found that delays at inter-state borders were comparable with those at international checkpoints in other parts of the world. Poor inter-state supply chains not only erode the competitiveness of the country as a whole, but also prevent the benefits of better international connectivity from spreading across the country.

As evidenced in the World Bank’s latest index, India has made rapid strides in improving its logistics infrastructure. As for hard infrastructure, seven new multimodal freight corridors are on the anvil, and work on some is well under way. These include the Western and Eastern Dedicated Freight Corridors where high-speed trains will run along electrified freight-only tracks from the hinterland to ports on the western and eastern coasts. In the Ganga basin, the eastern rail freight corridor will link up with the highways, in addition to the proposed Ganga waterway, enabling goods to switch seamlessly from rail to road to barge to ship in an unbroken continuum. Along the way, 15 logistic parks will serve as transport and service hubs.

On the equally imperative softer aspects of logistics, the GST is most certainly a major step forward. However, to reap the full benefits of GST on inter-state trade, more will be needed. Today, a truck on an Indian highway reportedly covers an average of 250- 300km per day, compared to 450km in Brazil, and 800km in the US. Studies have found that for up to 60% of journey time, the truck is not moving at all—a large part of that time is spent at checkpoints getting tax and customs clearances. These difficulties can have a substantial impact on freight routes. A start could therefore be made by removing unnecessary delays at inter-state checkposts. Many national, state and international organizations dealing with a range of issues, including shipping, commerce, finance, and transportation, have recommended a series of measures to improve the situation. The World Bank’s LPI report too provides a number of examples from countries that have implemented logistics reforms successfully. Some of these examples may be relevant for India. For instance, it will be important to monitor the performance of domestic supply chains to inform policymaking, and conduct a public-private dialogue on the issue. Such efforts will help determine the best way forward and contribute to the country’s emergence as a rising global manufacturing power.

Question : What measures have international organisations recommended to deal with the delays at inter-state check-posts?

Read the following passage and answer the questions that follows.

The world over, poor logistics often means poor trade. In other words, how efficiently countries trade defines how they grow and compete in the global economy. For India, good logistics will also play a critical role in the success of the “Make in India” initiative, enable small-scale producers to access newer markets, and allow farmers to benefit from the timely uptake of perishable produce. India has already taken a major step forward in this direction. When it is rolled out, the goods and services tax (GST) will help integrate this vast and diverse country, transform it into one common market, eliminate inefficient taxation, and go a long way in boosting the manufacturing sector.

But much more can be done. Logistics is a series of services and activities that constitute supply chains—such as transportation, warehousing, brokerages and so on. Although these activities are essentially carried out by private firms, their efficiency depends upon public infrastructure. This includes both “hard” or physical infrastructure as well as “soft” or institutional infrastructure such as systems, procedures and regulations. Trucks, for instance, use publicly funded roads and highways, while international trade is subject to the procedures followed by border agencies. Logistic activities are also regulated from the fiscal, environmental, safety, land use and competition perspectives. In large economies such as India, responsibilities for both hard and soft infrastructure are shared by a number of central and state agencies. Some estimates suggest that logistics costs in India amounted to a sizeable 14% of gross domestic product (GDP) in 2014. It is also suggested that inefficient logistics chip off a whopping $45 billion from India’s economic output, or about 2% of the country’s GDP.

The World Bank’s 2016 Logistics Performance Index (LPI), which ranks 160 countries every two years, found that India moved up to 35th place internationally, compared to 54 in 2014. In other words, within two years, India had improved its logistics performance significantly. Globally, Germany stood first for the third time running, while China stood at 27, South Africa at 20, and Russia at 99. The World Bank’s LPI found that when compared to other countries, including other nations of the Brazil-Russia-India-South Africa grouping, the Indian operators surveyed were especially positive regarding improvements in areas such as the supporting infrastructure for trade (e.g. ports) and the processing of goods by customs. These findings should give a shot in the arm to the government’s efforts to boost the business environment. The good news is only partial, however. For it is not only important to connect India internationally, but also to improve connections between India’s states. A number of studies have focused on this well-known challenge. One recent study measured the impact of internal borders on the country’s economy. It found that delays at inter-state borders were comparable with those at international checkpoints in other parts of the world. Poor inter-state supply chains not only erode the competitiveness of the country as a whole, but also prevent the benefits of better international connectivity from spreading across the country.

As evidenced in the World Bank’s latest index, India has made rapid strides in improving its logistics infrastructure. As for hard infrastructure, seven new multimodal freight corridors are on the anvil, and work on some is well under way. These include the Western and Eastern Dedicated Freight Corridors where high-speed trains will run along electrified freight-only tracks from the hinterland to ports on the western and eastern coasts. In the Ganga basin, the eastern rail freight corridor will link up with the highways, in addition to the proposed Ganga waterway, enabling goods to switch seamlessly from rail to road to barge to ship in an unbroken continuum. Along the way, 15 logistic parks will serve as transport and service hubs.

On the equally imperative softer aspects of logistics, the GST is most certainly a major step forward. However, to reap the full benefits of GST on inter-state trade, more will be needed. Today, a truck on an Indian highway reportedly covers an average of 250- 300km per day, compared to 450km in Brazil, and 800km in the US. Studies have found that for up to 60% of journey time, the truck is not moving at all—a large part of that time is spent at checkpoints getting tax and customs clearances. These difficulties can have a substantial impact on freight routes. A start could therefore be made by removing unnecessary delays at inter-state checkposts. Many national, state and international organizations dealing with a range of issues, including shipping, commerce, finance, and transportation, have recommended a series of measures to improve the situation. The World Bank’s LPI report too provides a number of examples from countries that have implemented logistics reforms successfully. Some of these examples may be relevant for India. For instance, it will be important to monitor the performance of domestic supply chains to inform policymaking, and conduct a public-private dialogue on the issue. Such efforts will help determine the best way forward and contribute to the country’s emergence as a rising global manufacturing power.

Question : India’s rank in LPI improved by how many places from 2014 to 2016?

Read the following passage and answer the questions that follows.

The world over, poor logistics often means poor trade. In other words, how efficiently countries trade defines how they grow and compete in the global economy. For India, good logistics will also play a critical role in the success of the “Make in India” initiative, enable small-scale producers to access newer markets, and allow farmers to benefit from the timely uptake of perishable produce. India has already taken a major step forward in this direction. When it is rolled out, the goods and services tax (GST) will help integrate this vast and diverse country, transform it into one common market, eliminate inefficient taxation, and go a long way in boosting the manufacturing sector.

But much more can be done. Logistics is a series of services and activities that constitute supply chains—such as transportation, warehousing, brokerages and so on. Although these activities are essentially carried out by private firms, their efficiency depends upon public infrastructure. This includes both “hard” or physical infrastructure as well as “soft” or institutional infrastructure such as systems, procedures and regulations. Trucks, for instance, use publicly funded roads and highways, while international trade is subject to the procedures followed by border agencies. Logistic activities are also regulated from the fiscal, environmental, safety, land use and competition perspectives. In large economies such as India, responsibilities for both hard and soft infrastructure are shared by a number of central and state agencies. Some estimates suggest that logistics costs in India amounted to a sizeable 14% of gross domestic product (GDP) in 2014. It is also suggested that inefficient logistics chip off a whopping $45 billion from India’s economic output, or about 2% of the country’s GDP.

The World Bank’s 2016 Logistics Performance Index (LPI), which ranks 160 countries every two years, found that India moved up to 35th place internationally, compared to 54 in 2014. In other words, within two years, India had improved its logistics performance significantly. Globally, Germany stood first for the third time running, while China stood at 27, South Africa at 20, and Russia at 99. The World Bank’s LPI found that when compared to other countries, including other nations of the Brazil-Russia-India-South Africa grouping, the Indian operators surveyed were especially positive regarding improvements in areas such as the supporting infrastructure for trade (e.g. ports) and the processing of goods by customs. These findings should give a shot in the arm to the government’s efforts to boost the business environment. The good news is only partial, however. For it is not only important to connect India internationally, but also to improve connections between India’s states. A number of studies have focused on this well-known challenge. One recent study measured the impact of internal borders on the country’s economy. It found that delays at inter-state borders were comparable with those at international checkpoints in other parts of the world. Poor inter-state supply chains not only erode the competitiveness of the country as a whole, but also prevent the benefits of better international connectivity from spreading across the country.

As evidenced in the World Bank’s latest index, India has made rapid strides in improving its logistics infrastructure. As for hard infrastructure, seven new multimodal freight corridors are on the anvil, and work on some is well under way. These include the Western and Eastern Dedicated Freight Corridors where high-speed trains will run along electrified freight-only tracks from the hinterland to ports on the western and eastern coasts. In the Ganga basin, the eastern rail freight corridor will link up with the highways, in addition to the proposed Ganga waterway, enabling goods to switch seamlessly from rail to road to barge to ship in an unbroken continuum. Along the way, 15 logistic parks will serve as transport and service hubs.

On the equally imperative softer aspects of logistics, the GST is most certainly a major step forward. However, to reap the full benefits of GST on inter-state trade, more will be needed. Today, a truck on an Indian highway reportedly covers an average of 250- 300km per day, compared to 450km in Brazil, and 800km in the US. Studies have found that for up to 60% of journey time, the truck is not moving at all—a large part of that time is spent at checkpoints getting tax and customs clearances. These difficulties can have a substantial impact on freight routes. A start could therefore be made by removing unnecessary delays at inter-state checkposts. Many national, state and international organizations dealing with a range of issues, including shipping, commerce, finance, and transportation, have recommended a series of measures to improve the situation. The World Bank’s LPI report too provides a number of examples from countries that have implemented logistics reforms successfully. Some of these examples may be relevant for India. For instance, it will be important to monitor the performance of domestic supply chains to inform policymaking, and conduct a public-private dialogue on the issue. Such efforts will help determine the best way forward and contribute to the country’s emergence as a rising global manufacturing power.

Question : Which of the following statement(s) is/are false according to the passage?
(i) In large economies the responsibility for hard and soft infrastructure is in the hands of central government only.
(ii) Inefficient logistics management costs India loss equivalent to 14% of the GDP.
(iii) In India delay in inter-state borders are negligible as compared to delays at International checkpost 

Read the following passage and answer the questions that follows.

The world over, poor logistics often means poor trade. In other words, how efficiently countries trade defines how they grow and compete in the global economy. For India, good logistics will also play a critical role in the success of the “Make in India” initiative, enable small-scale producers to access newer markets, and allow farmers to benefit from the timely uptake of perishable produce. India has already taken a major step forward in this direction. When it is rolled out, the goods and services tax (GST) will help integrate this vast and diverse country, transform it into one common market, eliminate inefficient taxation, and go a long way in boosting the manufacturing sector.

But much more can be done. Logistics is a series of services and activities that constitute supply chains—such as transportation, warehousing, brokerages and so on. Although these activities are essentially carried out by private firms, their efficiency depends upon public infrastructure. This includes both “hard” or physical infrastructure as well as “soft” or institutional infrastructure such as systems, procedures and regulations. Trucks, for instance, use publicly funded roads and highways, while international trade is subject to the procedures followed by border agencies. Logistic activities are also regulated from the fiscal, environmental, safety, land use and competition perspectives. In large economies such as India, responsibilities for both hard and soft infrastructure are shared by a number of central and state agencies. Some estimates suggest that logistics costs in India amounted to a sizeable 14% of gross domestic product (GDP) in 2014. It is also suggested that inefficient logistics chip off a whopping $45 billion from India’s economic output, or about 2% of the country’s GDP.

The World Bank’s 2016 Logistics Performance Index (LPI), which ranks 160 countries every two years, found that India moved up to 35th place internationally, compared to 54 in 2014. In other words, within two years, India had improved its logistics performance significantly. Globally, Germany stood first for the third time running, while China stood at 27, South Africa at 20, and Russia at 99. The World Bank’s LPI found that when compared to other countries, including other nations of the Brazil-Russia-India-South Africa grouping, the Indian operators surveyed were especially positive regarding improvements in areas such as the supporting infrastructure for trade (e.g. ports) and the processing of goods by customs. These findings should give a shot in the arm to the government’s efforts to boost the business environment. The good news is only partial, however. For it is not only important to connect India internationally, but also to improve connections between India’s states. A number of studies have focused on this well-known challenge. One recent study measured the impact of internal borders on the country’s economy. It found that delays at inter-state borders were comparable with those at international checkpoints in other parts of the world. Poor inter-state supply chains not only erode the competitiveness of the country as a whole, but also prevent the benefits of better international connectivity from spreading across the country.

As evidenced in the World Bank’s latest index, India has made rapid strides in improving its logistics infrastructure. As for hard infrastructure, seven new multimodal freight corridors are on the anvil, and work on some is well under way. These include the Western and Eastern Dedicated Freight Corridors where high-speed trains will run along electrified freight-only tracks from the hinterland to ports on the western and eastern coasts. In the Ganga basin, the eastern rail freight corridor will link up with the highways, in addition to the proposed Ganga waterway, enabling goods to switch seamlessly from rail to road to barge to ship in an unbroken continuum. Along the way, 15 logistic parks will serve as transport and service hubs.

On the equally imperative softer aspects of logistics, the GST is most certainly a major step forward. However, to reap the full benefits of GST on inter-state trade, more will be needed. Today, a truck on an Indian highway reportedly covers an average of 250- 300km per day, compared to 450km in Brazil, and 800km in the US. Studies have found that for up to 60% of journey time, the truck is not moving at all—a large part of that time is spent at checkpoints getting tax and customs clearances. These difficulties can have a substantial impact on freight routes. A start could therefore be made by removing unnecessary delays at inter-state checkposts. Many national, state and international organizations dealing with a range of issues, including shipping, commerce, finance, and transportation, have recommended a series of measures to improve the situation. The World Bank’s LPI report too provides a number of examples from countries that have implemented logistics reforms successfully. Some of these examples may be relevant for India. For instance, it will be important to monitor the performance of domestic supply chains to inform policymaking, and conduct a public-private dialogue on the issue. Such efforts will help determine the best way forward and contribute to the country’s emergence as a rising global manufacturing power.

Question : Which of the following statement(s) is/are disadvantages of poor inter state supply chain, as mentioned in the passage?
(i) It restricts the benefits of better International connectivity from spreading across the country.
(ii) Inefficient logistic chips of $45 billion from the Indian Economy
(iii) It erodes the competitiveness of a country as a whole.

Read the following passage and answer the questions that follows.

The world over, poor logistics often means poor trade. In other words, how efficiently countries trade defines how they grow and compete in the global economy. For India, good logistics will also play a critical role in the success of the “Make in India” initiative, enable small-scale producers to access newer markets, and allow farmers to benefit from the timely uptake of perishable produce. India has already taken a major step forward in this direction. When it is rolled out, the goods and services tax (GST) will help integrate this vast and diverse country, transform it into one common market, eliminate inefficient taxation, and go a long way in boosting the manufacturing sector.

But much more can be done. Logistics is a series of services and activities that constitute supply chains—such as transportation, warehousing, brokerages and so on. Although these activities are essentially carried out by private firms, their efficiency depends upon public infrastructure. This includes both “hard” or physical infrastructure as well as “soft” or institutional infrastructure such as systems, procedures and regulations. Trucks, for instance, use publicly funded roads and highways, while international trade is subject to the procedures followed by border agencies. Logistic activities are also regulated from the fiscal, environmental, safety, land use and competition perspectives. In large economies such as India, responsibilities for both hard and soft infrastructure are shared by a number of central and state agencies. Some estimates suggest that logistics costs in India amounted to a sizeable 14% of gross domestic product (GDP) in 2014. It is also suggested that inefficient logistics chip off a whopping $45 billion from India’s economic output, or about 2% of the country’s GDP.

The World Bank’s 2016 Logistics Performance Index (LPI), which ranks 160 countries every two years, found that India moved up to 35th place internationally, compared to 54 in 2014. In other words, within two years, India had improved its logistics performance significantly. Globally, Germany stood first for the third time running, while China stood at 27, South Africa at 20, and Russia at 99. The World Bank’s LPI found that when compared to other countries, including other nations of the Brazil-Russia-India-South Africa grouping, the Indian operators surveyed were especially positive regarding improvements in areas such as the supporting infrastructure for trade (e.g. ports) and the processing of goods by customs. These findings should give a shot in the arm to the government’s efforts to boost the business environment. The good news is only partial, however. For it is not only important to connect India internationally, but also to improve connections between India’s states. A number of studies have focused on this well-known challenge. One recent study measured the impact of internal borders on the country’s economy. It found that delays at inter-state borders were comparable with those at international checkpoints in other parts of the world. Poor inter-state supply chains not only erode the competitiveness of the country as a whole, but also prevent the benefits of better international connectivity from spreading across the country.

As evidenced in the World Bank’s latest index, India has made rapid strides in improving its logistics infrastructure. As for hard infrastructure, seven new multimodal freight corridors are on the anvil, and work on some is well under way. These include the Western and Eastern Dedicated Freight Corridors where high-speed trains will run along electrified freight-only tracks from the hinterland to ports on the western and eastern coasts. In the Ganga basin, the eastern rail freight corridor will link up with the highways, in addition to the proposed Ganga waterway, enabling goods to switch seamlessly from rail to road to barge to ship in an unbroken continuum. Along the way, 15 logistic parks will serve as transport and service hubs.

On the equally imperative softer aspects of logistics, the GST is most certainly a major step forward. However, to reap the full benefits of GST on inter-state trade, more will be needed. Today, a truck on an Indian highway reportedly covers an average of 250- 300km per day, compared to 450km in Brazil, and 800km in the US. Studies have found that for up to 60% of journey time, the truck is not moving at all—a large part of that time is spent at checkpoints getting tax and customs clearances. These difficulties can have a substantial impact on freight routes. A start could therefore be made by removing unnecessary delays at inter-state checkposts. Many national, state and international organizations dealing with a range of issues, including shipping, commerce, finance, and transportation, have recommended a series of measures to improve the situation. The World Bank’s LPI report too provides a number of examples from countries that have implemented logistics reforms successfully. Some of these examples may be relevant for India. For instance, it will be important to monitor the performance of domestic supply chains to inform policymaking, and conduct a public-private dialogue on the issue. Such efforts will help determine the best way forward and contribute to the country’s emergence as a rising global manufacturing power.

Question : Which of the following statement is true as per the passage?

Read the following passage and answer the questions that follows.

The world over, poor logistics often means poor trade. In other words, how efficiently countries trade defines how they grow and compete in the global economy. For India, good logistics will also play a critical role in the success of the “Make in India” initiative, enable small-scale producers to access newer markets, and allow farmers to benefit from the timely uptake of perishable produce. India has already taken a major step forward in this direction. When it is rolled out, the goods and services tax (GST) will help integrate this vast and diverse country, transform it into one common market, eliminate inefficient taxation, and go a long way in boosting the manufacturing sector.

But much more can be done. Logistics is a series of services and activities that constitute supply chains—such as transportation, warehousing, brokerages and so on. Although these activities are essentially carried out by private firms, their efficiency depends upon public infrastructure. This includes both “hard” or physical infrastructure as well as “soft” or institutional infrastructure such as systems, procedures and regulations. Trucks, for instance, use publicly funded roads and highways, while international trade is subject to the procedures followed by border agencies. Logistic activities are also regulated from the fiscal, environmental, safety, land use and competition perspectives. In large economies such as India, responsibilities for both hard and soft infrastructure are shared by a number of central and state agencies. Some estimates suggest that logistics costs in India amounted to a sizeable 14% of gross domestic product (GDP) in 2014. It is also suggested that inefficient logistics chip off a whopping $45 billion from India’s economic output, or about 2% of the country’s GDP.

The World Bank’s 2016 Logistics Performance Index (LPI), which ranks 160 countries every two years, found that India moved up to 35th place internationally, compared to 54 in 2014. In other words, within two years, India had improved its logistics performance significantly. Globally, Germany stood first for the third time running, while China stood at 27, South Africa at 20, and Russia at 99. The World Bank’s LPI found that when compared to other countries, including other nations of the Brazil-Russia-India-South Africa grouping, the Indian operators surveyed were especially positive regarding improvements in areas such as the supporting infrastructure for trade (e.g. ports) and the processing of goods by customs. These findings should give a shot in the arm to the government’s efforts to boost the business environment. The good news is only partial, however. For it is not only important to connect India internationally, but also to improve connections between India’s states. A number of studies have focused on this well-known challenge. One recent study measured the impact of internal borders on the country’s economy. It found that delays at inter-state borders were comparable with those at international checkpoints in other parts of the world. Poor inter-state supply chains not only erode the competitiveness of the country as a whole, but also prevent the benefits of better international connectivity from spreading across the country.

As evidenced in the World Bank’s latest index, India has made rapid strides in improving its logistics infrastructure. As for hard infrastructure, seven new multimodal freight corridors are on the anvil, and work on some is well under way. These include the Western and Eastern Dedicated Freight Corridors where high-speed trains will run along electrified freight-only tracks from the hinterland to ports on the western and eastern coasts. In the Ganga basin, the eastern rail freight corridor will link up with the highways, in addition to the proposed Ganga waterway, enabling goods to switch seamlessly from rail to road to barge to ship in an unbroken continuum. Along the way, 15 logistic parks will serve as transport and service hubs.

On the equally imperative softer aspects of logistics, the GST is most certainly a major step forward. However, to reap the full benefits of GST on inter-state trade, more will be needed. Today, a truck on an Indian highway reportedly covers an average of 250- 300km per day, compared to 450km in Brazil, and 800km in the US. Studies have found that for up to 60% of journey time, the truck is not moving at all—a large part of that time is spent at checkpoints getting tax and customs clearances. These difficulties can have a substantial impact on freight routes. A start could therefore be made by removing unnecessary delays at inter-state checkposts. Many national, state and international organizations dealing with a range of issues, including shipping, commerce, finance, and transportation, have recommended a series of measures to improve the situation. The World Bank’s LPI report too provides a number of examples from countries that have implemented logistics reforms successfully. Some of these examples may be relevant for India. For instance, it will be important to monitor the performance of domestic supply chains to inform policymaking, and conduct a public-private dialogue on the issue. Such efforts will help determine the best way forward and contribute to the country’s emergence as a rising global manufacturing power.

Question : Logistics doesn’t depends upon which of the following?

Read the following passage and answer the questions that follows.

The world over, poor logistics often means poor trade. In other words, how efficiently countries trade defines how they grow and compete in the global economy. For India, good logistics will also play a critical role in the success of the “Make in India” initiative, enable small-scale producers to access newer markets, and allow farmers to benefit from the timely uptake of perishable produce. India has already taken a major step forward in this direction. When it is rolled out, the goods and services tax (GST) will help integrate this vast and diverse country, transform it into one common market, eliminate inefficient taxation, and go a long way in boosting the manufacturing sector.

But much more can be done. Logistics is a series of services and activities that constitute supply chains—such as transportation, warehousing, brokerages and so on. Although these activities are essentially carried out by private firms, their efficiency depends upon public infrastructure. This includes both “hard” or physical infrastructure as well as “soft” or institutional infrastructure such as systems, procedures and regulations. Trucks, for instance, use publicly funded roads and highways, while international trade is subject to the procedures followed by border agencies. Logistic activities are also regulated from the fiscal, environmental, safety, land use and competition perspectives. In large economies such as India, responsibilities for both hard and soft infrastructure are shared by a number of central and state agencies. Some estimates suggest that logistics costs in India amounted to a sizeable 14% of gross domestic product (GDP) in 2014. It is also suggested that inefficient logistics chip off a whopping $45 billion from India’s economic output, or about 2% of the country’s GDP.

The World Bank’s 2016 Logistics Performance Index (LPI), which ranks 160 countries every two years, found that India moved up to 35th place internationally, compared to 54 in 2014. In other words, within two years, India had improved its logistics performance significantly. Globally, Germany stood first for the third time running, while China stood at 27, South Africa at 20, and Russia at 99. The World Bank’s LPI found that when compared to other countries, including other nations of the Brazil-Russia-India-South Africa grouping, the Indian operators surveyed were especially positive regarding improvements in areas such as the supporting infrastructure for trade (e.g. ports) and the processing of goods by customs. These findings should give a shot in the arm to the government’s efforts to boost the business environment. The good news is only partial, however. For it is not only important to connect India internationally, but also to improve connections between India’s states. A number of studies have focused on this well-known challenge. One recent study measured the impact of internal borders on the country’s economy. It found that delays at inter-state borders were comparable with those at international checkpoints in other parts of the world. Poor inter-state supply chains not only erode the competitiveness of the country as a whole, but also prevent the benefits of better international connectivity from spreading across the country.

As evidenced in the World Bank’s latest index, India has made rapid strides in improving its logistics infrastructure. As for hard infrastructure, seven new multimodal freight corridors are on the anvil, and work on some is well under way. These include the Western and Eastern Dedicated Freight Corridors where high-speed trains will run along electrified freight-only tracks from the hinterland to ports on the western and eastern coasts. In the Ganga basin, the eastern rail freight corridor will link up with the highways, in addition to the proposed Ganga waterway, enabling goods to switch seamlessly from rail to road to barge to ship in an unbroken continuum. Along the way, 15 logistic parks will serve as transport and service hubs.

On the equally imperative softer aspects of logistics, the GST is most certainly a major step forward. However, to reap the full benefits of GST on inter-state trade, more will be needed. Today, a truck on an Indian highway reportedly covers an average of 250- 300km per day, compared to 450km in Brazil, and 800km in the US. Studies have found that for up to 60% of journey time, the truck is not moving at all—a large part of that time is spent at checkpoints getting tax and customs clearances. These difficulties can have a substantial impact on freight routes. A start could therefore be made by removing unnecessary delays at inter-state checkposts. Many national, state and international organizations dealing with a range of issues, including shipping, commerce, finance, and transportation, have recommended a series of measures to improve the situation. The World Bank’s LPI report too provides a number of examples from countries that have implemented logistics reforms successfully. Some of these examples may be relevant for India. For instance, it will be important to monitor the performance of domestic supply chains to inform policymaking, and conduct a public-private dialogue on the issue. Such efforts will help determine the best way forward and contribute to the country’s emergence as a rising global manufacturing power.

Question : What does the phrase ″shot in the arm″ as used in the passage means? 

Read the following passage and answer the questions that follows.

The world over, poor logistics often means poor trade. In other words, how efficiently countries trade defines how they grow and compete in the global economy. For India, good logistics will also play a critical role in the success of the “Make in India” initiative, enable small-scale producers to access newer markets, and allow farmers to benefit from the timely uptake of perishable produce. India has already taken a major step forward in this direction. When it is rolled out, the goods and services tax (GST) will help integrate this vast and diverse country, transform it into one common market, eliminate inefficient taxation, and go a long way in boosting the manufacturing sector.

But much more can be done. Logistics is a series of services and activities that constitute supply chains—such as transportation, warehousing, brokerages and so on. Although these activities are essentially carried out by private firms, their efficiency depends upon public infrastructure. This includes both “hard” or physical infrastructure as well as “soft” or institutional infrastructure such as systems, procedures and regulations. Trucks, for instance, use publicly funded roads and highways, while international trade is subject to the procedures followed by border agencies. Logistic activities are also regulated from the fiscal, environmental, safety, land use and competition perspectives. In large economies such as India, responsibilities for both hard and soft infrastructure are shared by a number of central and state agencies. Some estimates suggest that logistics costs in India amounted to a sizeable 14% of gross domestic product (GDP) in 2014. It is also suggested that inefficient logistics chip off a whopping $45 billion from India’s economic output, or about 2% of the country’s GDP.

The World Bank’s 2016 Logistics Performance Index (LPI), which ranks 160 countries every two years, found that India moved up to 35th place internationally, compared to 54 in 2014. In other words, within two years, India had improved its logistics performance significantly. Globally, Germany stood first for the third time running, while China stood at 27, South Africa at 20, and Russia at 99. The World Bank’s LPI found that when compared to other countries, including other nations of the Brazil-Russia-India-South Africa grouping, the Indian operators surveyed were especially positive regarding improvements in areas such as the supporting infrastructure for trade (e.g. ports) and the processing of goods by customs. These findings should give a shot in the arm to the government’s efforts to boost the business environment. The good news is only partial, however. For it is not only important to connect India internationally, but also to improve connections between India’s states. A number of studies have focused on this well-known challenge. One recent study measured the impact of internal borders on the country’s economy. It found that delays at inter-state borders were comparable with those at international checkpoints in other parts of the world. Poor inter-state supply chains not only erode the competitiveness of the country as a whole, but also prevent the benefits of better international connectivity from spreading across the country.

As evidenced in the World Bank’s latest index, India has made rapid strides in improving its logistics infrastructure. As for hard infrastructure, seven new multimodal freight corridors are on the anvil, and work on some is well under way. These include the Western and Eastern Dedicated Freight Corridors where high-speed trains will run along electrified freight-only tracks from the hinterland to ports on the western and eastern coasts. In the Ganga basin, the eastern rail freight corridor will link up with the highways, in addition to the proposed Ganga waterway, enabling goods to switch seamlessly from rail to road to barge to ship in an unbroken continuum. Along the way, 15 logistic parks will serve as transport and service hubs.

On the equally imperative softer aspects of logistics, the GST is most certainly a major step forward. However, to reap the full benefits of GST on inter-state trade, more will be needed. Today, a truck on an Indian highway reportedly covers an average of 250- 300km per day, compared to 450km in Brazil, and 800km in the US. Studies have found that for up to 60% of journey time, the truck is not moving at all—a large part of that time is spent at checkpoints getting tax and customs clearances. These difficulties can have a substantial impact on freight routes. A start could therefore be made by removing unnecessary delays at inter-state checkposts. Many national, state and international organizations dealing with a range of issues, including shipping, commerce, finance, and transportation, have recommended a series of measures to improve the situation. The World Bank’s LPI report too provides a number of examples from countries that have implemented logistics reforms successfully. Some of these examples may be relevant for India. For instance, it will be important to monitor the performance of domestic supply chains to inform policymaking, and conduct a public-private dialogue on the issue. Such efforts will help determine the best way forward and contribute to the country’s emergence as a rising global manufacturing power.

Question : Find the word which means MOST SIMILAR to STRIDES as mentioned in the passage.

Read the following passage and answer the questions that follows.

The world over, poor logistics often means poor trade. In other words, how efficiently countries trade defines how they grow and compete in the global economy. For India, good logistics will also play a critical role in the success of the “Make in India” initiative, enable small-scale producers to access newer markets, and allow farmers to benefit from the timely uptake of perishable produce. India has already taken a major step forward in this direction. When it is rolled out, the goods and services tax (GST) will help integrate this vast and diverse country, transform it into one common market, eliminate inefficient taxation, and go a long way in boosting the manufacturing sector.

But much more can be done. Logistics is a series of services and activities that constitute supply chains—such as transportation, warehousing, brokerages and so on. Although these activities are essentially carried out by private firms, their efficiency depends upon public infrastructure. This includes both “hard” or physical infrastructure as well as “soft” or institutional infrastructure such as systems, procedures and regulations. Trucks, for instance, use publicly funded roads and highways, while international trade is subject to the procedures followed by border agencies. Logistic activities are also regulated from the fiscal, environmental, safety, land use and competition perspectives. In large economies such as India, responsibilities for both hard and soft infrastructure are shared by a number of central and state agencies. Some estimates suggest that logistics costs in India amounted to a sizeable 14% of gross domestic product (GDP) in 2014. It is also suggested that inefficient logistics chip off a whopping $45 billion from India’s economic output, or about 2% of the country’s GDP.

The World Bank’s 2016 Logistics Performance Index (LPI), which ranks 160 countries every two years, found that India moved up to 35th place internationally, compared to 54 in 2014. In other words, within two years, India had improved its logistics performance significantly. Globally, Germany stood first for the third time running, while China stood at 27, South Africa at 20, and Russia at 99. The World Bank’s LPI found that when compared to other countries, including other nations of the Brazil-Russia-India-South Africa grouping, the Indian operators surveyed were especially positive regarding improvements in areas such as the supporting infrastructure for trade (e.g. ports) and the processing of goods by customs. These findings should give a shot in the arm to the government’s efforts to boost the business environment. The good news is only partial, however. For it is not only important to connect India internationally, but also to improve connections between India’s states. A number of studies have focused on this well-known challenge. One recent study measured the impact of internal borders on the country’s economy. It found that delays at inter-state borders were comparable with those at international checkpoints in other parts of the world. Poor inter-state supply chains not only erode the competitiveness of the country as a whole, but also prevent the benefits of better international connectivity from spreading across the country.

As evidenced in the World Bank’s latest index, India has made rapid strides in improving its logistics infrastructure. As for hard infrastructure, seven new multimodal freight corridors are on the anvil, and work on some is well under way. These include the Western and Eastern Dedicated Freight Corridors where high-speed trains will run along electrified freight-only tracks from the hinterland to ports on the western and eastern coasts. In the Ganga basin, the eastern rail freight corridor will link up with the highways, in addition to the proposed Ganga waterway, enabling goods to switch seamlessly from rail to road to barge to ship in an unbroken continuum. Along the way, 15 logistic parks will serve as transport and service hubs.

On the equally imperative softer aspects of logistics, the GST is most certainly a major step forward. However, to reap the full benefits of GST on inter-state trade, more will be needed. Today, a truck on an Indian highway reportedly covers an average of 250- 300km per day, compared to 450km in Brazil, and 800km in the US. Studies have found that for up to 60% of journey time, the truck is not moving at all—a large part of that time is spent at checkpoints getting tax and customs clearances. These difficulties can have a substantial impact on freight routes. A start could therefore be made by removing unnecessary delays at inter-state checkposts. Many national, state and international organizations dealing with a range of issues, including shipping, commerce, finance, and transportation, have recommended a series of measures to improve the situation. The World Bank’s LPI report too provides a number of examples from countries that have implemented logistics reforms successfully. Some of these examples may be relevant for India. For instance, it will be important to monitor the performance of domestic supply chains to inform policymaking, and conduct a public-private dialogue on the issue. Such efforts will help determine the best way forward and contribute to the country’s emergence as a rising global manufacturing power.

Question : What does the word HINTERLAND as mentioned in the passage means?

Directions (Q. 11-15): Rearrange the following six sentences (A), (B), (C), (D), (E), (F) and (G) in the proper sequence to form a meaningful paragraph and then answer the questions given below.

A) Legislative reforms are not as quick as technological innovations, and this leads to doubts regarding the enforceability of rights.
B) The legal rights and liabilities arising out of handling of data of individuals and entities require a careful examination.
C) Post demonetisation, the government has initiated a timely and much needed measure to increase digital payment options to weed out black money and corruption from public life.
D) One area that demands immediate attention is the need for a strong legal framework for privacy and protection of data shared by the individuals and entities.
E) Hence, simultaneous legislative reforms would be required as part of the digitisation programme.
F) As an integral part of the government’s move to take the country towards a total cashless economy, these measures would change the quality of life of citizens.
G) Presently, the IT Act, 2000 and rules thereunder cover the existing framework on privacy and data protection in India.

Question : Which of the following should be the THIRD sentence after the rearrangement?

Directions (Q. 11-15): Rearrange the following six sentences (A), (B), (C), (D), (E), (F) and (G) in the proper sequence to form a meaningful paragraph and then answer the questions given below.

A) Legislative reforms are not as quick as technological innovations, and this leads to doubts regarding the enforceability of rights.
B) The legal rights and liabilities arising out of handling of data of individuals and entities require a careful examination.
C) Post demonetisation, the government has initiated a timely and much needed measure to increase digital payment options to weed out black money and corruption from public life.
D) One area that demands immediate attention is the need for a strong legal framework for privacy and protection of data shared by the individuals and entities.
E) Hence, simultaneous legislative reforms would be required as part of the digitisation programme.
F) As an integral part of the government’s move to take the country towards a total cashless economy, these measures would change the quality of life of citizens.
G) Presently, the IT Act, 2000 and rules thereunder cover the existing framework on privacy and data protection in India.

Question : Which of the following should be the SIXTH sentence after the rearrangement?

Directions (Q. 11-15): Rearrange the following six sentences (A), (B), (C), (D), (E), (F) and (G) in the proper sequence to form a meaningful paragraph and then answer the questions given below.

A) Legislative reforms are not as quick as technological innovations, and this leads to doubts regarding the enforceability of rights.
B) The legal rights and liabilities arising out of handling of data of individuals and entities require a careful examination.
C) Post demonetisation, the government has initiated a timely and much needed measure to increase digital payment options to weed out black money and corruption from public life.
D) One area that demands immediate attention is the need for a strong legal framework for privacy and protection of data shared by the individuals and entities.
E) Hence, simultaneous legislative reforms would be required as part of the digitisation programme.
F) As an integral part of the government’s move to take the country towards a total cashless economy, these measures would change the quality of life of citizens.
G) Presently, the IT Act, 2000 and rules thereunder cover the existing framework on privacy and data protection in India.

Question : Which of the following should be the FIRST sentence after the rearrangement?

Directions (Q. 11-15): Rearrange the following six sentences (A), (B), (C), (D), (E), (F) and (G) in the proper sequence to form a meaningful paragraph and then answer the questions given below.

A) Legislative reforms are not as quick as technological innovations, and this leads to doubts regarding the enforceability of rights.
B) The legal rights and liabilities arising out of handling of data of individuals and entities require a careful examination.
C) Post demonetisation, the government has initiated a timely and much needed measure to increase digital payment options to weed out black money and corruption from public life.
D) One area that demands immediate attention is the need for a strong legal framework for privacy and protection of data shared by the individuals and entities.
E) Hence, simultaneous legislative reforms would be required as part of the digitisation programme.
F) As an integral part of the government’s move to take the country towards a total cashless economy, these measures would change the quality of life of citizens.
G) Presently, the IT Act, 2000 and rules thereunder cover the existing framework on privacy and data protection in India.

Question : Which of the following should be the FIFTH sentence after the rearrangement?

Directions (Q. 11-15): Rearrange the following six sentences (A), (B), (C), (D), (E), (F) and (G) in the proper sequence to form a meaningful paragraph and then answer the questions given below.

A) Legislative reforms are not as quick as technological innovations, and this leads to doubts regarding the enforceability of rights.
B) The legal rights and liabilities arising out of handling of data of individuals and entities require a careful examination.
C) Post demonetisation, the government has initiated a timely and much needed measure to increase digital payment options to weed out black money and corruption from public life.
D) One area that demands immediate attention is the need for a strong legal framework for privacy and protection of data shared by the individuals and entities.
E) Hence, simultaneous legislative reforms would be required as part of the digitisation programme.
F) As an integral part of the government’s move to take the country towards a total cashless economy, these measures would change the quality of life of citizens.
G) Presently, the IT Act, 2000 and rules thereunder cover the existing framework on privacy and data protection in India.

Question : Which of the following should be the SEVENTH sentence after the rearrangement?

Direction (16-20): In the passage given below there are 5 blanks, each followed by a word given in bracket. Even blank has four alternative words given in options (A),(B),(C) and (D). You have to tell which word will best suit the respective blank. Mark (E) as your answer if the work given in bold after the blank is your answer i.e “No change required”.

THE murder of Kim Jong Nam, half-brother of Kim Jong Un, the North Korean dictator, had already seemed (16)________[dense] enough. According to the Malaysian authorities, two women in their 20s had (17)______ [stolen] up behind him at Kuala Lumpur International Airport on February 13th, (18)______ [splash] some kind of poison on his face and then slipped away into the throng of travellers. Within 20 minutes Mr Kim was dead.

The results of an autopsy, announced ten days later, were more extraordinary still: they showed the poison to be VX, the deadliest nerve agent ever (19)_______ [published]. That firmly pointed the finger at North Korea’s repressive regime, which is thought to have a vast stockpile of chemical weapons, VX among them. The nerve agent is classified as a weapon of mass destruction and banned under the Chemical Weapons Convention—which North Korea, along with only three other countries, has not signed. Just one litre of the stuff could kill 1m people, such is its (20)_____ [regulation] . Inhaling VX vapour disrupts the nervous system within seconds, causing convulsions and suffocation.

Which word should come in place of (16) ?

Direction (16-20): In the passage given below there are 5 blanks, each followed by a word given in bracket. Even blank has four alternative words given in options (A),(B),(C) and (D). You have to tell which word will best suit the respective blank. Mark (E) as your answer if the work given in bold after the blank is your answer i.e “No change required”.

THE murder of Kim Jong Nam, half-brother of Kim Jong Un, the North Korean dictator, had already seemed (16)________[dense] enough. According to the Malaysian authorities, two women in their 20s had (17)______ [stolen] up behind him at Kuala Lumpur International Airport on February 13th, (18)______ [splash] some kind of poison on his face and then slipped away into the throng of travellers. Within 20 minutes Mr Kim was dead.

The results of an autopsy, announced ten days later, were more extraordinary still: they showed the poison to be VX, the deadliest nerve agent ever (19)_______ [published]. That firmly pointed the finger at North Korea’s repressive regime, which is thought to have a vast stockpile of chemical weapons, VX among them. The nerve agent is classified as a weapon of mass destruction and banned under the Chemical Weapons Convention—which North Korea, along with only three other countries, has not signed. Just one litre of the stuff could kill 1m people, such is its (20)_____ [regulation] . Inhaling VX vapour disrupts the nervous system within seconds, causing convulsions and suffocation.

Which word should come in place of (17) ?

Direction (16-20): In the passage given below there are 5 blanks, each followed by a word given in bracket. Even blank has four alternative words given in options (A),(B),(C) and (D). You have to tell which word will best suit the respective blank. Mark (E) as your answer if the work given in bold after the blank is your answer i.e “No change required”.

THE murder of Kim Jong Nam, half-brother of Kim Jong Un, the North Korean dictator, had already seemed (16)________[dense] enough. According to the Malaysian authorities, two women in their 20s had (17)______ [stolen] up behind him at Kuala Lumpur International Airport on February 13th, (18)______ [splash] some kind of poison on his face and then slipped away into the throng of travellers. Within 20 minutes Mr Kim was dead.

The results of an autopsy, announced ten days later, were more extraordinary still: they showed the poison to be VX, the deadliest nerve agent ever (19)_______ [published]. That firmly pointed the finger at North Korea’s repressive regime, which is thought to have a vast stockpile of chemical weapons, VX among them. The nerve agent is classified as a weapon of mass destruction and banned under the Chemical Weapons Convention—which North Korea, along with only three other countries, has not signed. Just one litre of the stuff could kill 1m people, such is its (20)_____ [regulation] . Inhaling VX vapour disrupts the nervous system within seconds, causing convulsions and suffocation.

Which word should come in place of (18) ?

Direction (16-20): In the passage given below there are 5 blanks, each followed by a word given in bracket. Even blank has four alternative words given in options (A),(B),(C) and (D). You have to tell which word will best suit the respective blank. Mark (E) as your answer if the work given in bold after the blank is your answer i.e “No change required”.

THE murder of Kim Jong Nam, half-brother of Kim Jong Un, the North Korean dictator, had already seemed (16)________[dense] enough. According to the Malaysian authorities, two women in their 20s had (17)______ [stolen] up behind him at Kuala Lumpur International Airport on February 13th, (18)______ [splash] some kind of poison on his face and then slipped away into the throng of travellers. Within 20 minutes Mr Kim was dead.

The results of an autopsy, announced ten days later, were more extraordinary still: they showed the poison to be VX, the deadliest nerve agent ever (19)_______ [published]. That firmly pointed the finger at North Korea’s repressive regime, which is thought to have a vast stockpile of chemical weapons, VX among them. The nerve agent is classified as a weapon of mass destruction and banned under the Chemical Weapons Convention—which North Korea, along with only three other countries, has not signed. Just one litre of the stuff could kill 1m people, such is its (20)_____ [regulation] . Inhaling VX vapour disrupts the nervous system within seconds, causing convulsions and suffocation.

Which word should come in place of (19) ?

Direction (16-20): In the passage given below there are 5 blanks, each followed by a word given in bracket. Even blank has four alternative words given in options (A),(B),(C) and (D). You have to tell which word will best suit the respective blank. Mark (E) as your answer if the work given in bold after the blank is your answer i.e “No change required”.

THE murder of Kim Jong Nam, half-brother of Kim Jong Un, the North Korean dictator, had already seemed (16)________[dense] enough. According to the Malaysian authorities, two women in their 20s had (17)______ [stolen] up behind him at Kuala Lumpur International Airport on February 13th, (18)______ [splash] some kind of poison on his face and then slipped away into the throng of travellers. Within 20 minutes Mr Kim was dead.

The results of an autopsy, announced ten days later, were more extraordinary still: they showed the poison to be VX, the deadliest nerve agent ever (19)_______ [published]. That firmly pointed the finger at North Korea’s repressive regime, which is thought to have a vast stockpile of chemical weapons, VX among them. The nerve agent is classified as a weapon of mass destruction and banned under the Chemical Weapons Convention—which North Korea, along with only three other countries, has not signed. Just one litre of the stuff could kill 1m people, such is its (20)_____ [regulation] . Inhaling VX vapour disrupts the nervous system within seconds, causing convulsions and suffocation.

Which word should come in place of (20) ?

Direction (21-25) : Identify which part of the sentence contains error and mark it as your answer.

The play is a parable (1)/ that teach the students (2)/ a lesson about the (3)/ importance of being kind.(4)

Direction (21-25) : Identify which part of the sentence contains error and mark it as your answer.

Even though Jackson was (1)/ smaller than his other teammates, (2)/ his tenacious attitude allows him to (3)/ accomplish as much as they did. (4)

Direction (21-25) : Identify which part of the sentence contains error and mark it as your answer.

She’d purchase her (1)/ expensive jewellery (2)/ with a drop of a hat and worry about (3)/ how she would pay for them later. (4)

Direction (21-25) : Identify which part of the sentence contains error and mark it as your answer.

Since there is a great (1)/ deal of controversy surrounding (2)/ the protest march, there will (3) be a huge police presence on the street. (4)

Direction (21-25) : Identify which part of the sentence contains error and mark it as your answer.

The teacher became upset (1)/ when Arjun started to talking (2)/ about a subject that was (3) not relevance to the lecture. (4)

Direction (26-30): In the question below two blanks are given. You have to fill the blank with the words given in the option to form a meaningful sentence.

The students _____ from the classroom windows as the sounds of the earthmover ______ classes.

Direction (26-30): In the question below two blanks are given. You have to fill the blank with the words given in the option to form a meaningful sentence.

The ____ of sheets on the hospital bed woke me from my ____.

Direction (26-30): In the question below two blanks are given. You have to fill the blank with the words given in the option to form a meaningful sentence.

The inauguration ceremony went off ____ , though without the Chief Minister the event lost some of its _____.

Direction (26-30): In the question below two blanks are given. You have to fill the blank with the words given in the option to form a meaningful sentence.

Although the warning signs have been ______ in the polluted air of urban India policymakers remain strangely _______.

Direction (26-30): In the question below two blanks are given. You have to fill the blank with the words given in the option to form a meaningful sentence.

The rows of people _______ sludge armed with nothing more than rubber gloves and buckets has _______ much criticism since the January 28 oil spill started staining Chennai beaches.