Directions (1-5): In the passage given below there are blanks which are to be filled with the options given below. Find out the appropriate pair of words in each case which can most suitably complete the sentence without altering the meaning of the statement.
From TikTok to Ola cycle taxis, regulation in India has always followed innovation. Any disruptive technology is met with _______(1) laws. For laws to be truly sensitive to innovation, there is a fair bit of innovation that needs to take place in the lawmaking process itself. At a time when ________(2) strides are being made in the way humans live, interact, and sustain themselves, consequences of innovation need to be identified and proactively dealt with. In particular, _______(3) harms arising from such innovation need to be identified and responded to. Of course, mindless regulation for the sake of regulating would be undesirable. A common _______(4) that is being faced by governments and policymakers globally is striking the right balance between regulation and innovation. Policymakers must ensure that regulation protects user interests while also providing enough ______(5) for innovation to continue.
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inconsistent/excitableimpugned/rashvolatile/unstablemercurial/reactiveerratic/punitiveOption D
mercurial/reactive – subject to sudden or unpredictable changes ,volatile, changeable -
bizarre/idiosyncraticunprecedented/unequalledmysterious/outlandishanomalous/aberrantfreakish/tardyOption B
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possible/embryonicunrealized/implicitprospects/buddingpotential/probablelikely/dormantOption D
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plight/hubbubconfound/predicamentdilemma/quandaryimpasse/blockquagmire/whirlpoolOption C
dilemma/quandary – a state of perplexity or uncertainty over what to do in a difficult situation. -
space/expanseextent/rangeoccasion/opportuneroom/spacechamber/lodgeOption D
- Food wastage results in the loss of which of the following things according to the passage?
CapitalEnergyLabourOnly A and CAll A,B & COption E
- Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word “SQUANDERING” mentioned in the passage?
perpetuatesplurgewasteBoth A and BBoth B and COption E
Squander – waste (something) in a reckless and foolish manner. - What does the author imply by his statement- “Only developing a human conscience can reduce food loss and waste in developed nations” ?
People in the West or to say the developed nations need to bring about behavioural change to reduce food wastage.Moral responsibility to not to waste food is required in developed nations.People in the waste are arrogant and their minds are clouded by extravagance.Both A and BBoth A and COption D
- What is the difference of approach (regarding steps to reduce food wastage) in underdeveloped countries to that of the developed ones?
There’s not much wastage in developed countries.Poor storage leads to pest infestations or rot that ruins crops even before these leave the farm.Underdeveloped nations need to strengthen the supply chain while for developed ones human conscience is enough.People in developed nations waste food recklessly while millions of people sleep hungry at night.Transportation and other logistics for food storage is much better in developed nations as compared to otherwise underprivileged areas.Option C
- Farmers are forced to watch their crops just rot in their fields because –
The sophisticated logistics are available for only a select few and not all the farmers around the worldFarmers cannot avail silos which are used for storage grains.Transportation of food grains is the primary concern.It is not easy for small farmers to get access to markets.There’s lack of access to technology and markets.Option E
Direction(Q.6-10): Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain parts are given in bold to answer some of the questions based on the passage.
For millions of people in the developing world, food waste happens at harvest time. Due to poor harvesting facilities, storage, packaging, distribution and the lack of a stable infrastructure, good food is lost in the fields — before it even has a chance to reach hundreds of hungry kitchens. In the developing world, the loss occurs at post-harvest and processing levels. Poor storage leads to pest infestations or rot that ruins crops even before these leave the farm. A lack of access to technology and markets means farmers are forced to watch their crops just rot in their fields — the manual and financial investment required to harvest these is often not available. Now, couple this with chronic poverty, conflict and a lack of resources — food wastage becomes one of the root causes of hunger in the developing world. However, there is a connection when we say that food wasted in the West leads to millions starving in the underdeveloped world. The West’s overconsumption of food affects global food prices — the more the West consumes, and thereby, the more they throw — the greater the global demand for food. This translates to higher food prices rise globally.
Food loss and waste amount to a major ”squandering” of resources — water, land, energy, labour, capital — besides producing greenhouse gas emissions (needlessly) and contributing to global warming and climate change. With such resources being intensified in producing food, the wastage is not just a mockery of food security but also a criminal wastage of resources. In the underdeveloped world, strengthening the supply chain — through the direct support of farmers and investments in infrastructure, transportation, as well as in an expansion of the food and packaging industry — could help to reduce the amount of food loss and waste. However, in the developed world, only developing a human conscience can reduce food loss and waste.